Pixel Media

npx atelier-ui add pixel-media

npm install three @react-three/fiber @react-three/drei

import { shaderMaterial } from "@react-three/drei"
import { extend, type ThreeElement, useFrame } from "@react-three/fiber"
import { useMemo, useRef } from "react"
import { DataTexture, FloatType, NearestFilter, RGBAFormat, Texture, Vector2 } from "three"
import { type Pointer, WebglImage } from "../webgl-image/webgl-image"
import { WebglVideo } from "../webgl-video/webgl-video"

declare module "@react-three/fiber" {
    interface ThreeElements {
        pixelMediaMat: ThreeElement<typeof PixelMediaMat>
    }
}

const vertexShader = /* glsl */ `
    precision highp float;
    varying vec2 vUv;

    void main() {
        vUv = uv;
        gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
    }
`

const fragmentShader = /* glsl */ `
    precision highp float;
    varying vec2 vUv;

    uniform sampler2D uMap;
    uniform sampler2D uGrid;
    uniform float uStrength;
    uniform float uAberration;

    void main() {
        vec2 offset = texture2D(uGrid, vUv).rg * uStrength;
        vec2 uv = vUv - offset;
        vec2 shift = offset * uAberration;

        gl_FragColor = vec4(
            texture2D(uMap, uv - shift).r,
            texture2D(uMap, uv).g,
            texture2D(uMap, uv + shift).b,
            1.0
        );
    }
`

const PixelMediaMat = shaderMaterial(
    {
        uMap: new Texture(),
        uGrid: new Texture(),
        uStrength: 0.5,
        uAberration: 0.5,
    },
    vertexShader,
    fragmentShader,
)

extend({ PixelMediaMat })

const REFERENCE_FPS = 60

type PixelMediaMaterialProps = {
    map: Texture
    pointer: Pointer
    gridSize: number
    interactionRadius: number
    strength: number
    aberration: number
    trail: number
}

// Effect props shared by both the image and video variants.
export type PixelEffectProps = {
    gridSize?: number
    interactionRadius?: number
    strength?: number
    aberration?: number
    trail?: number
    segments?: number
    webglEnabled?: boolean
}

type PixelMediaImageProps = PixelEffectProps & {
    type?: "image"
    src: string
    alt: string
} & Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<"img">, "src" | "alt">

type PixelMediaVideoProps = PixelEffectProps & {
    type: "video"
    src: string
} & Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<"video">, "src">

export type PixelMediaProps = PixelMediaImageProps | PixelMediaVideoProps

function PixelMediaMaterial({
    map,
    pointer,
    gridSize,
    interactionRadius,
    strength,
    aberration,
    trail,
}: PixelMediaMaterialProps) {
    const ref = useRef<InstanceType<typeof PixelMediaMat>>(null)
    const previous = useMemo(() => new Vector2(0.5, 0.5), [])

    const grid = useMemo(() => {
        const data = new Float32Array(gridSize * gridSize * 4)
        const texture = new DataTexture(data, gridSize, gridSize, RGBAFormat, FloatType)
        texture.magFilter = NearestFilter
        texture.minFilter = NearestFilter
        texture.needsUpdate = true
        return { texture, data }
    }, [gridSize])

    useFrame((_, delta) => {
        const material = ref.current
        if (!material) return

        const { data } = grid
        const velocityX = (pointer.uv.x - previous.x) * pointer.hover
        const velocityY = (pointer.uv.y - previous.y) * pointer.hover
        previous.copy(pointer.uv)

        const fade = trail ** (delta * REFERENCE_FPS)
        const cursorColumn = pointer.uv.x * gridSize
        const cursorRow = pointer.uv.y * gridSize

        for (let row = 0; row < gridSize; row++) {
            for (let column = 0; column < gridSize; column++) {
                const index = (row * gridSize + column) * 4
                const distance = Math.hypot(column - cursorColumn, row - cursorRow)
                const falloff = Math.max(0, 1 - distance / interactionRadius)
                data[index] = data[index] * fade + velocityX * falloff
                data[index + 1] = data[index + 1] * fade + velocityY * falloff
            }
        }

        grid.texture.needsUpdate = true
        material.uMap = map
        material.uGrid = grid.texture
        material.uStrength = strength
        material.uAberration = aberration
    })

    return (
        <pixelMediaMat
            ref={ref}
            key={PixelMediaMat.key}
            uMap={map}
            uGrid={grid.texture}
            transparent
        />
    )
}

export function PixelMedia(props: PixelMediaProps) {
    const {
        gridSize = 22,
        interactionRadius = 4,
        strength = 1.65,
        aberration = 0.25,
        trail = 0.93,
        segments = 1,
        webglEnabled = true,
        ...rest
    } = props

    // The pixel displacement is a fragment-only shader, so the same material
    // runs on both the image and video primitives (they share the WebGL plane).
    const material = (map: Texture, pointer: Pointer) => (
        <PixelMediaMaterial
            map={map}
            pointer={pointer}
            gridSize={gridSize}
            interactionRadius={interactionRadius}
            strength={strength}
            aberration={aberration}
            trail={trail}
        />
    )

    if (rest.type === "video") {
        const { type: _type, ...videoProps } = rest
        return (
            <WebglVideo
                segments={segments}
                webglEnabled={webglEnabled}
                material={material}
                {...videoProps}
            />
        )
    }

    const { type: _type, ...imageProps } = rest
    return (
        <WebglImage
            segments={segments}
            webglEnabled={webglEnabled}
            material={material}
            {...imageProps}
        />
    )
}
Expand code

import { useTexture } from "@react-three/drei"
import { useFrame, useThree } from "@react-three/fiber"
import {
    type ComponentRef,
    type RefObject,
    useEffect,
    useLayoutEffect,
    useMemo,
    useRef,
} from "react"
import { type Mesh, type Texture, Vector2 } from "three"
import { webglTeleport } from "../webgl-portal/webgl-portal"

export type Pointer = {
    uv: Vector2
    hover: number
}

type WebglImageProps = {
    src: string
    alt: string
    material?: (map: Texture, pointer: Pointer) => React.ReactNode
    webglEnabled?: boolean
    segments?: number
    zIndex?: number
    /**
     * Re-measures the DOM rect every frame so the plane follows animated parents (motion, parallax).
     * Costs one layout read per frame, so only enable it when needed.
     */
    autoReflow?: boolean
} & Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<"img">, "children" | "src" | "alt">

type PlaneProps = {
    el: RefObject<HTMLImageElement | null>
    src: string
    segments: number
    material?: (map: Texture, pointer: Pointer) => React.ReactNode
    pointer: Pointer
    zIndex: number
    autoReflow: boolean
}

function Plane({ el, src, segments, material, pointer, zIndex, autoReflow }: PlaneProps) {
    const mesh = useRef<Mesh>(null)
    const texture = useTexture(src)
    const size = useThree((s) => s.size)
    const viewport = useThree((s) => s.viewport)
    const fitScale = useRef({ x: 1, y: 1 })
    const bounds = useRef({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 })

    useLayoutEffect(() => {
        const target = el.current
        if (!target) return

        const measure = () => {
            const m = mesh.current
            if (!m) return

            // Rect in document coords (top/left offset by current scroll at measure time),
            // so we can later derive viewport position with just `window.scrollX/Y`,
            // instead of recalculating bounds on every render
            const rect = target.getBoundingClientRect()
            bounds.current.x = rect.left + window.scrollX
            bounds.current.y = rect.top + window.scrollY
            bounds.current.width = rect.width
            bounds.current.height = rect.height

            // Replicate CSS object-fit: cover crops via UV repeat/offset; contain shrinks the mesh scale
            // because UVs alone can't letterbox: the plane would still fill the element.
            const image = texture.image as HTMLImageElement
            const objectFit = getComputedStyle(target).objectFit
            const planeAspect = rect.width / rect.height
            const imageAspect = image.width / image.height

            let repeatU = 1
            let repeatV = 1

            fitScale.current.x = 1
            fitScale.current.y = 1

            if (objectFit === "cover") {
                if (planeAspect > imageAspect) {
                    repeatV = imageAspect / planeAspect
                } else {
                    repeatU = planeAspect / imageAspect
                }
            } else if (objectFit === "contain") {
                if (planeAspect > imageAspect) {
                    fitScale.current.x = imageAspect / planeAspect
                } else {
                    fitScale.current.y = planeAspect / imageAspect
                }
            }

            const offsetU = (1 - repeatU) / 2
            const offsetV = (1 - repeatV) / 2

            const uvAttribute = m.geometry.attributes.uv

            for (let iy = 0; iy <= segments; iy++) {
                for (let ix = 0; ix <= segments; ix++) {
                    const idx = iy * (segments + 1) + ix
                    const u = ix / segments
                    const v = 1 - iy / segments
                    uvAttribute.setXY(idx, u * repeatU + offsetU, v * repeatV + offsetV)
                }
            }

            uvAttribute.needsUpdate = true
        }

        measure()

        const ro = new ResizeObserver(measure)
        ro.observe(target)
        ro.observe(document.body)
        return () => ro.disconnect()
    }, [el, texture, segments])

    useFrame(() => {
        const m = mesh.current
        if (!m) return
        const pxToWorld = viewport.height / size.height

        // autoReflow re-reads the rect each frame so the mesh follows parent
        // CSS transforms (e.g. parallax). One layout read per frame.
        if (autoReflow && el.current) {
            const rect = el.current.getBoundingClientRect()
            m.position.x = (rect.left + rect.width / 2 - size.width / 2) * pxToWorld
            m.position.y = -(rect.top + rect.height / 2 - size.height / 2) * pxToWorld
            m.scale.x = rect.width * pxToWorld * fitScale.current.x
            m.scale.y = rect.height * pxToWorld * fitScale.current.y
            return
        }

        const { x, y, width, height } = bounds.current
        m.position.x = (x + width / 2 - window.scrollX - size.width / 2) * pxToWorld
        m.position.y = -(y + height / 2 - window.scrollY - size.height / 2) * pxToWorld
        m.scale.x = width * pxToWorld * fitScale.current.x
        m.scale.y = height * pxToWorld * fitScale.current.y
    })

    return (
        <mesh ref={mesh} renderOrder={zIndex}>
            <planeGeometry args={[1, 1, segments, segments]} />
            {material ? (
                material(texture, pointer)
            ) : (
                <meshBasicMaterial map={texture} transparent />
            )}
        </mesh>
    )
}

export function WebglImage({
    src,
    alt,
    className,
    style,
    material,
    webglEnabled = true,
    segments = 1,
    zIndex = 0,
    autoReflow = false,
    ...rest
}: WebglImageProps) {
    const el = useRef<ComponentRef<"img">>(null)
    const pointer = useMemo<Pointer>(() => {
        return {
            uv: new Vector2(0.5, 0.5),
            hover: 0,
        }
    }, [])

    useEffect(() => {
        if (!webglEnabled) return
        const target = el.current
        if (!target) return

        // Pointer events still fire on the DOM element through opacity:0,
        // so the browser tells us when the cursor is over it.
        const onMove = (e: PointerEvent) => {
            const { width, left, top, height } = target.getBoundingClientRect()
            const x = (e.clientX - left) / width
            const y = 1 - (e.clientY - top) / height
            pointer.uv.set(x, y)
        }

        const onEnter = () => (pointer.hover = 1)
        const onLeave = () => (pointer.hover = 0)

        target.addEventListener("pointermove", onMove)
        target.addEventListener("pointerenter", onEnter)
        target.addEventListener("pointerleave", onLeave)
        return () => {
            target.removeEventListener("pointermove", onMove)
            target.removeEventListener("pointerenter", onEnter)
            target.removeEventListener("pointerleave", onLeave)
        }
    }, [webglEnabled, pointer])

    return (
        <>
            <img
                ref={el}
                src={src}
                alt={alt}
                className={className}
                style={webglEnabled ? { ...style, opacity: 0 } : style}
                {...rest}
            />

            {webglEnabled && (
                <webglTeleport.In>
                    <Plane
                        el={el}
                        src={src}
                        segments={segments}
                        material={material}
                        pointer={pointer}
                        zIndex={zIndex}
                        autoReflow={autoReflow}
                    />
                </webglTeleport.In>
            )}
        </>
    )
}
Expand code

import { useFrame, useThree } from "@react-three/fiber"
import {
    type ComponentRef,
    type RefObject,
    useEffect,
    useLayoutEffect,
    useMemo,
    useRef,
    useState,
} from "react"
import { type Mesh, SRGBColorSpace, type Texture, Vector2, VideoTexture } from "three"
import { webglTeleport } from "../webgl-portal/webgl-portal"

export type Pointer = {
    uv: Vector2
    hover: number
}

type WebglVideoProps = {
    src: string
    material?: (map: Texture, pointer: Pointer) => React.ReactNode
    webglEnabled?: boolean
    segments?: number
    zIndex?: number
    /**
     * Re-measures the DOM rect every frame so the plane follows animated parents (motion, parallax).
     * Costs one layout read per frame, so only enable it when needed.
     */
    autoReflow?: boolean
} & Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<"video">, "children" | "src">

type PlaneProps = {
    el: RefObject<HTMLVideoElement | null>
    segments: number
    material?: (map: Texture, pointer: Pointer) => React.ReactNode
    pointer: Pointer
    zIndex: number
    autoReflow: boolean
}

function Plane({ el, segments, material, pointer, zIndex, autoReflow }: PlaneProps) {
    const mesh = useRef<Mesh>(null)
    const [texture, setTexture] = useState<VideoTexture | null>(null)
    const size = useThree((state) => state.size)
    const viewport = useThree((state) => state.viewport)
    const fitScale = useRef({ x: 1, y: 1 })
    const bounds = useRef({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 })

    useLayoutEffect(() => {
        const video = el.current
        if (!video) return

        // Build the texture from the DOM <video> itself so a single element
        // decodes once; VideoTexture pulls each new frame from it.
        const videoTexture = new VideoTexture(video)
        videoTexture.colorSpace = SRGBColorSpace
        setTexture(videoTexture)
        return () => videoTexture.dispose()
    }, [el])

    useLayoutEffect(() => {
        const target = el.current
        if (!target || !texture) return

        const measure = () => {
            const m = mesh.current
            if (!m) return

            // Rect in document coords (top/left offset by current scroll at measure time),
            // so we can later derive viewport position with just `window.scrollX/Y`,
            // instead of recalculating bounds on every render
            const rect = target.getBoundingClientRect()
            bounds.current.x = rect.left + window.scrollX
            bounds.current.y = rect.top + window.scrollY
            bounds.current.width = rect.width
            bounds.current.height = rect.height

            // Replicate CSS object-fit: cover crops via UV repeat/offset; contain shrinks the mesh scale
            // because UVs alone can't letterbox: the plane would still fill the element.
            const video = texture.image as HTMLVideoElement
            const objectFit = getComputedStyle(target).objectFit
            const planeAspect = rect.width / rect.height
            const videoAspect = video.videoWidth / video.videoHeight

            let repeatU = 1
            let repeatV = 1

            fitScale.current.x = 1
            fitScale.current.y = 1

            // videoWidth/Height are 0 until metadata loads; skip cropping until then.
            if (video.videoWidth > 0) {
                if (objectFit === "cover") {
                    if (planeAspect > videoAspect) {
                        repeatV = videoAspect / planeAspect
                    } else {
                        repeatU = planeAspect / videoAspect
                    }
                } else if (objectFit === "contain") {
                    if (planeAspect > videoAspect) {
                        fitScale.current.x = videoAspect / planeAspect
                    } else {
                        fitScale.current.y = planeAspect / videoAspect
                    }
                }
            }

            const offsetU = (1 - repeatU) / 2
            const offsetV = (1 - repeatV) / 2

            const uvAttribute = m.geometry.attributes.uv

            for (let iy = 0; iy <= segments; iy++) {
                for (let ix = 0; ix <= segments; ix++) {
                    const idx = iy * (segments + 1) + ix
                    const u = ix / segments
                    const v = 1 - iy / segments
                    uvAttribute.setXY(idx, u * repeatU + offsetU, v * repeatV + offsetV)
                }
            }

            uvAttribute.needsUpdate = true
        }

        measure()

        // Re-measure once the video reports its intrinsic size.
        target.addEventListener("loadedmetadata", measure)
        target.addEventListener("resize", measure)

        const ro = new ResizeObserver(measure)
        ro.observe(target)
        ro.observe(document.body)
        return () => {
            ro.disconnect()
            target.removeEventListener("loadedmetadata", measure)
            target.removeEventListener("resize", measure)
        }
    }, [el, texture, segments])

    useFrame(() => {
        const m = mesh.current
        if (!m) return

        // Browsers without requestVideoFrameCallback need an explicit pull.
        texture?.update()

        const pxToWorld = viewport.height / size.height

        // autoReflow re-reads the rect each frame so the mesh follows parent
        // CSS transforms (e.g. parallax). One layout read per frame.
        if (autoReflow && el.current) {
            const rect = el.current.getBoundingClientRect()
            m.position.x = (rect.left + rect.width / 2 - size.width / 2) * pxToWorld
            m.position.y = -(rect.top + rect.height / 2 - size.height / 2) * pxToWorld
            m.scale.x = rect.width * pxToWorld * fitScale.current.x
            m.scale.y = rect.height * pxToWorld * fitScale.current.y
            return
        }

        const { x, y, width, height } = bounds.current
        m.position.x = (x + width / 2 - window.scrollX - size.width / 2) * pxToWorld
        m.position.y = -(y + height / 2 - window.scrollY - size.height / 2) * pxToWorld
        m.scale.x = width * pxToWorld * fitScale.current.x
        m.scale.y = height * pxToWorld * fitScale.current.y
    })

    if (!texture) return null

    return (
        <mesh ref={mesh} renderOrder={zIndex}>
            <planeGeometry args={[1, 1, segments, segments]} />
            {material ? (
                material(texture, pointer)
            ) : (
                <meshBasicMaterial map={texture} transparent />
            )}
        </mesh>
    )
}

export function WebglVideo({
    src,
    className,
    style,
    material,
    webglEnabled = true,
    segments = 1,
    zIndex = 0,
    autoReflow = false,
    autoPlay = true,
    muted = true,
    loop = true,
    playsInline = true,
    ...rest
}: WebglVideoProps) {
    const el = useRef<ComponentRef<"video">>(null)
    const pointer = useMemo<Pointer>(() => {
        return {
            uv: new Vector2(0.5, 0.5),
            hover: 0,
        }
    }, [])

    useEffect(() => {
        if (!webglEnabled) return
        const target = el.current
        if (!target) return

        // Pointer events still fire on the DOM element through opacity:0,
        // so the browser tells us when the cursor is over it.
        const onMove = (event: PointerEvent) => {
            const { width, left, top, height } = target.getBoundingClientRect()
            const x = (event.clientX - left) / width
            const y = 1 - (event.clientY - top) / height
            pointer.uv.set(x, y)
        }

        const onEnter = () => (pointer.hover = 1)
        const onLeave = () => (pointer.hover = 0)

        target.addEventListener("pointermove", onMove)
        target.addEventListener("pointerenter", onEnter)
        target.addEventListener("pointerleave", onLeave)
        return () => {
            target.removeEventListener("pointermove", onMove)
            target.removeEventListener("pointerenter", onEnter)
            target.removeEventListener("pointerleave", onLeave)
        }
    }, [webglEnabled, pointer])

    return (
        <>
            <video
                ref={el}
                src={src}
                className={className}
                style={webglEnabled ? { ...style, opacity: 0 } : style}
                autoPlay={autoPlay}
                muted={muted}
                loop={loop}
                playsInline={playsInline}
                {...rest}
            />

            {webglEnabled && (
                <webglTeleport.In>
                    <Plane
                        el={el}
                        segments={segments}
                        material={material}
                        pointer={pointer}
                        zIndex={zIndex}
                        autoReflow={autoReflow}
                    />
                </webglTeleport.In>
            )}
        </>
    )
}
Expand code